Business Gone Green Ethical Reasoning Assignment Essay

AB0603 Business Gone Green Ethical Reasoning Assignment Summary Page| Your name: Chia Xinying| Your Instructor: Dr. Josephine Lang| Course Group: 01 Word Count: 1095| Briefly spread out, in bulleted-structure in the space gave inside this page (i.e., don't detailed), the substance of your review in tending to the different models in the moral thinking rubric.| Criteria| Your points| 1. Determine the moral issue identified| * Edited ladies from their Saudi Arabia’s index * Goes against Ikea Group and Sweden’s values * Reflects the inescapable moral business challenge confronted * Further moral ramifications, for example, social imperialism| 2. Issue development: Theoretical viewpoints used to expand on the issue| * Consequentialism †Ethical Egoism: Self enthusiasm to gather business bolster supported * Consequentialism †Utilitarianism: Went against perspective on dominant part; unjustified * Deontology â€Kantianism: In agreement to moral standards of Saudi Arabia, contrary to rule lesson of rights * The Conventional Approach: Follows ordinary Saudi Arabia’s publicizing; justified| 3. Issue development: Uncertainties characteristic in the issue| * Business morals and corporate social obligation scan for widespread qualities for worldwide business conduct * Cultural Imperialism †Infringement of Islam esteems Westerners scrutinize what they don't comprehend, it probably won't be on the right track to condemn Ikea’s conduct * Intent of modifying Saudi’s Catalog †expectation remains unknown| 4. Clarification and legitimization: Effects on key stakeholders| * Ikea as an enterprise and its workers negative repercussions on its notoriety and validity in this way basic for the organization to receive a worldwide rule * Ikea’s neighborhood and worldwide clients numerous Swedes were annoyed by Ikea’s choice * Swedish government †have depicted Sweden as being sexual orientation unequal| 5. End: Values, blend, and exchange offs| * Important that Ikea remains by its qualities in all conditions * In request to send the right message to its shoppers target * Corporateâ red light to Ikea to pay attention to social promoting issues more * Act in light of a legitimate concern for its partners as it serves a roundabout portrayal. * How to accommodate restriction with an all inclusive morals code, be that as it may, will stay a test for Ikea just as other corporations.| Checklist | 1. Rundown page ____ 2. 900 to 1100 Words Essay ___ 3. Rundown of References ____ | 4. Marked Declaration of Academic Integrity _____ 5. Self-surveyed Ethical Reasoning Rubric ______| NANYANG BUSINESS SCHOOL AB0603 †Business Gone Green Moral Reasoning Assignment 1095 words (barring headers, sub-headers and references) Name: Chia Xinying Understudy Matriculation No.: U1110173A Educator: Dr Josephine Lang Meaning of the Ethical issue Ikea, the global furniture organization, altered ladies from their Saudi Arabia’s list. This activity is regarded morally improper, as it appears to help sex imbalance, which conflicts with Ikea Group and Sweden’s values. (Quinn, 2012) Some may contend that Ikea was submitting to pressure from the moderate Islamic state while others state that Ikea was simply regarding and being understanding towards Saudi Arabia’s social guidelines. This media inclusion suitably mirrors the unavoidable moral business challenge looked by globalized organizations, where it is hard to track down a harmony between universal business conduct and confinement of showcasing correspondences. Also, this issue could prompt further moral ramifications, for example, social government, which will be talked about further. Hypothetical Perspectives to Elaborate on the Issue 1) Principles approach (a) Consequentialism †Ethical Egoism Under the vanity approach, Ikea’s choice is reasonable as the transition to fulfill Saudi monarchy’s sexual orientation isolation rules (Kayyem, 2012) could be viewed as a demonstration of personal responsibility to collect business support in a male-commanded society. Then again, Ikea may have additionally felt that it is a moral activity to be delicate to women’s rights in Saudi Arabia and comply with them. (b) Consequentialism †Utilitarianism On the premise that following the perspective on the larger part will deliver the best result, Ikea’s activity is outlandish as its activity is against the estimations of Ikea, Sweden and even United Nations (United Nations Millennium Goals). Ikea’s act has in this way gathered numerous terrible press and negative response from the overall population. It has likewise compounded its own image picture and notoriety in the globalized economy. (c) Deontology - Kantianism Ikea’s activities are in agreement to moral principles directed by the Sharia board as women’s rights in Saudi Arabia is to a great extent affected and characterized by Islam and ancestral traditions. In any case, this contentions with the ethical rule of rights expressing that, â€Å" All individuals are brought into the world free and equivalent in poise and rights.† (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) 2) The Conventional Approach In this last methodology, the legitimization of a demonstration relies upon the overall standards of the general public. In Saudi’s notices, ladies just show up rarely. (Quinn, 2012) It isn't irregular to see blue pencils passing out numerous pieces of a women’s body in imported magazines. In this way Ikea’s activities will be esteemed satisfactory to the customary methodology of ads in Saudi Arabia. From the distinctive hypothetical points of view above, it clear that the ethical guidelines and rules that Saudi Arabia follows is not quite the same as the remainder of the world. In this way it truly comes down to which esteems do Ikea decides to maintain. Vulnerabilities Inherent in the Issue (a) Business morals and corporate social responsibility Being a globalized business, Ikea will be continually managing business morals issue, for example, the quest for general qualities for worldwide business conduct. For instance, when you adjust your strategic policies to the country’s customs, social qualities and lawful prerequisites, it may be viewed as inadmissible in your home markets. (Dough puncher, 2012) Vice versa, if Ikea somehow happened to discharge an unaltered form of the inventories in Saudi Arabia, would there be a reaction in the Muslim people group? This business vulnerability stays a test to worldwide organizations. (b) Cultural Imperialism †Infringement of Islam esteems Moreover, there are numerous confusions in the West about women’s life in Saudi Arabia (NAFJAN, 2012). Western pundits towards ladies rights in Saudi has â€Å"failed to comprehend the uniqueness of Saudi Society†(Zoepf, 2010) and in this manner ought not exact western qualities or ways of life on the Saudi Arabians said writer Maha Akeei, a regular pundit of Saudi’s male centric traditions. (Hiel, 2007) Since Westerners scrutinize what they don't comprehend, it probably won't be on the right track to condemn Ikea’s conduct when Ikea is being touchy to their way of life. (c) Intent of modifying Saudi’s Catalog While the motivation behind why Ikea chose to direct away from their dynamic Swedish qualities at home is muddled, it is hard to learn whether the issue was moral as referenced before. Consequences for key partners (an) Ikea as a company and its workers Ikea has consistently been a brand cognizant organization who has an imageâ that thinks about manageability and its virtues. The organization is named one of the ‘World’s Most Ethical Companies’ for the fourth successive year in 2010. (PRNewswire, 2010) However, the way that the organization could sell out the company’s values immediately, have frustrated a significant number of its clients. Despite the fact that Ikea rushed to apologize, its activities as of now has negative repercussions on its notoriety and believability. (Knowledge@Wharton, 2012) Therefore, it is basic for the organization to receive a global rule for its workers to follow to all the more likely arrangement with such quandaries later on. The organization proceeded: â€Å"We are currently auditing our schedules to protect a right substance introduction from a qualities perspective in the various adaptations of the IKEA Catalog worldwide.† (Quinn, 2012) (b) Ikea’s nearby and worldwide clients In addition, numerous Swedes were annoyed by Ikea’s choice, accepting that the cancellation of ladies from the Saudi inventory depicted their nation as being â€Å"gender unequal.†(Vasic, 2012) Global clients who are supporters of women’s rights will likewise consider less Ikea and be less faithful towards Ikea. (c) Swedish government Despite the fact that Ikea is a privately owned business, it definitely extends a picture of Sweden around the globe. (Swedish uniformity serve Nyamko Sabuni, CBC News, 2012) An article of the Swedish Institute likewise further validates that â€Å"Ikea is helping out the picture of Sweden than all administrative efforts† (Wã ¤stberg, O., 2009). As referenced, Ikea’s choice may have depicted Sweden as being sexual orientation inconsistent, hence it is significant for Ikea to maintain Sweden’s picture, as it is a corporate portrayal of the nation. On the whole, Ikea’s notoriety has caused significant damage and ought to work with the correct qualities anticipated from its clients. End In view of the moral speculations of pride, traditional methodology and good standards in Saudi Arabia, Ikea’s activities are considered moral while dependent on utilitarianism and standards of rights, their activities are deemedâ unethical. While one can never fulfill everybody, it is significant that Ikea remains by its qualities in all conditions, (for example sent the first Swedish variant of the list to Saudi Arabia) particularly when it includes an infringement of human rights, (Knowledge@Wharton, 2012) to send the right message to its customers

Online Recruitment

As indicated by BusineeDictionary. com, â€Å"Human Resource Management incorporates exercises, for example, HR arranging, enrollment, determination, direction, preparing, examination, inspiration and compensation. It targets creating individuals through work. † In human asset the board, enlistment is one of the most significant procedures in an association. As per BusinessDictionary. com, â€Å"recruitment is a game-plan of finding and utilizing best qualified candidate, regardless of whether outer or inner association, for an occupation position in a generally appropriate and practical manner. There are various sorts of employment enrollment, for example, online enlistment and promotion enrollment. In the 21st century, huge numbers of the associations utilizing on the web enlistment to look the best possibility for organization, as the web have changed employment chasing and enrollment. There are barely any sorts of online enrollment. One of the strategies is proficient sit es. Case of expert site is www. shrm. organization, where a few competitors who are looking for HR work go into that site. They have explicit callings, abilities and not general in nature. The subsequent sort is boss site. It tends to be created by various managers or can be organization own site. One model is www. directemployers. com, which is the main steady, organization possessed online enlistment set up by Direct Employers Association. The last sort is work board. Employment searchers become mindful of the opportunities where the enrollment specialists post occupations and quest for up-and-comers. Case of occupation board is www. jobstreet. com. (Gosh, nd) actually, there are as yet numerous different techniques for online enlistment. Online enlistment has preferences and burdens in helping association for enrollment and choice. It has made increasingly proficient on the business procedure for each enormous and little association. For those organizations who are as yet utilizing paper applications have polished to utilize web for significant segments of the recruiting procedure. The principal advantage would be the decrease time for employing. Online enrollment, is likewise called e-enlistment has empower a chief to have a quick ongoing correspondence and for ordinary and consistently in quest for new employment action. For instance, a director can post an opportunity in an extremely brief timeframe on a vocation site, for example, jobstreet. com without impersonation. The individual in question can get continues accordingly right away. In online occupation notice, the posting typically remains in accessible status for up to one month and keeps on to get candidates’ continues as employment searchers go over it. As contrasted and the conventional practices, work notice in paper or diary may take around multi week or later however not just for one day. In this manner, manager needs to hold up till the finish of month to get the reactions by candidates, particularly for the individuals who need quick opportunity and exceptional territories industry. Bayt. com, 2009) According to Bayt. com, employing in e-enrollment gives 70% quicker than conventional enlistment rehearses, and the pattern of selecting is speeded up at each procedure of posting, which is to get applicant’s continues and channel the data and call for meet. The second advantage of e-enlistment is financially savvy. We need cash to promote the activity opening in paper or diary, and this isn't modest for the ad. While the web based posting is a lot less expensive as contrasted and conventional practices. As indicated by bayt. com, the organization present online on a place of work, for example, www. bayt. com would be charged just USD250, which would be more cost-sparing than the expense of occupation ad in paper or diary distribution or the 30% of yearly salaries that numerous faculty chiefs charge. Bayt. com shows an investigation that the expenses of posting opening and looking for applicants on work opportunities can be up to 90% lower than the expenses of adjusting customary hunt organizations and promoting rehearses. (Bayt. com, 2009) Third advantage is more extensive reach for chief. The data of customary practices are typically confined by industry, topography, profession switch or different impediments while the e-enrollment can have later and dynamic ability databases that spread all enterprises, districts, and vocation levels. The organization spent a lot to ensure the databases are shifted, normal refreshed, applicable and best quality as they have to continue promoting in paper for changing, refreshing data. In any case, e-enlistment groups can guarantee that the gateways are in every case effectively saw by important candidates and are visited by the objective employment searchers which can without much of a stretch reach to the supervisor. Bayt. com, 2009) Next advantage would be the more extensive reach for candidates. The up-and-comers gain profits by the more extensive range through web places of work. With the snap of a mouse, they can get to various kinds of employments in various organizations, areas and even pay rates. They can arrive at the organi zation quicker as they are effortlessly reached for talk with circumstances by simply sending their resumes on the web. (Bayt. com, 2009) E-enlistment offers some screening or sifting devices which empower selection representatives to promptly take a shot at the correct candidate utilizing numerous classifications on a site, for example, jobstreet. om, which including areas of living arrangement, capabilities, training foundations, aptitudes and past experience and boss. The procedure of e-enrolling and choosing great quality candidates is exceptionally effective. This innovation works via mechanized internet searcher which is set up to discover the databases. For instance manager can enter in a portion of the necessities then the outcome would coordinate with the candidates’ resumes. (Bayt. com. 2009) In online enlistment, organization as a rule would set up a page like organization profile or history for the contender to see on it. Through this, businesses can utilize this to make organization brand and qualities to forthcoming employment searchers. Along these lines, candidates would settle on choice on applying that activity as they have a thought regarding organization they work for. (Bayt. com, 2009) Furthermore, through web, spotter can oversee entire enlistment process from one mean, which empower selection representative to promote opportunities, get resumes, screen, contact candidates, track exercises in web. Thusly, the administrative work is decreased. On the opposite side, the activity searchers can likewise see their application progress at each progression of enlistment process. This improved client experience for both employment searchers and enrollment specialists. Also, both occupation searchers and enrollment specialists can pick to keep up their secrecy. For instance, candidates can post their resumes on the web while keeping their names and current company’s name secretly. Same thing to enrollment specialists, they can decide to look through databases without posting an occupation position if the opportunity nature is delicate, and they can post an occupation opening while at the same time staying with their name secretly. Bosses can likewise develop database, spare high potential or alluring resumes from present candidates for sometime later. Bayt. com, 2009) Moreover, the supervisor has full authority over the enrollment procedure through online enlistment, which empowers direct contact with competitors which needn't bother with a center individual to do the choice, separating, and appraisal. (Bayt. com, 2009) This is on the grounds that spott er can pick the best applicant through their subtleties in resume and match with the position, which doesn't require such an extensive amount formality. E-enrollment has brought such a significant number of advantages to associations, just as employment searchers. Aside from its advantage, e-enlistment has many disadvantages to the associations. Most importantly, e-enrollment benefits for just candidates who knew web information. The procedure is constrained to those PC adroit candidates. For the individuals who know the utilization of web, they have no issue to look through changed employment sites, do screening, catchphrases, refreshing data. Accordingly, it brings no advantage for the individuals who don't know to utilize online place of work. (Ghosh, nd) Besides that, organization must be extremely specific on lawful outcomes since it might prompt separation charge if the organization didn't mindful of word utilized when posting the commercial on the web. There is one model for Disney world, which was sued for screening applicants’ continues by utilizing the catchphrases favored for Whites. (Ghosh, nd) As online enlistment turned into a pattern, an ever increasing number of candidates joined and apply for opening. The tremendous pool of competitors does benefits selection representatives yet additionally lead detriment to them. This is on the grounds that they need to plunk down and do a great deal of profound examining database. They probably won't see all the applicants which may pass up a major opportunity the absolute best potential up-and-comers as they would arbitrarily pick up-and-comers. Thus, candidates face more rivalry. Ghosh, nd) Furthermore, associations face some non-genuine competitors. A lot of up-and-comers present their resumes just on realize their work esteem. Scouts couldn't check whether the up-and-comers are not kidding in applying work or not. At the point when call for talk with, enrollment specialists recently understood that up-and-comers are not genuine and not intrigued to join their organization. At that point, the spotters have dismissed some genuine candidates. (Gosh, nd) The last downside is revelation of data. Candidate’s resumes and association profile are accessible to open. A few up-and-comers who are as yet working don't need their current manager to realize that they are searching for a change. Some of candidates’ points of interest, for example, address, telephone number has brought to numerous security issues. Moreover, associations don't need their rivals know their present circumstance. (Ghosh, nd) To make e-enrollment progressively powerful, there are a few measures. Right off the bat we should profit the choice methodology. Organization ought to consider about various variables to make the method compelling. Organization ought to examine and think about the expenses and its dangers by utilizing quantifiable profit (ROI). It assists with assessing the arrival and assess the advantages

Using Positive Psychology for Stress Management

Using Positive Psychology for Stress Management Happiness Print Using Positive Psychology for Stress Management By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 06, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 21, 2019 Digital Vision/ Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All Positive Psychology is a newer and increasingly popular branch of psychology that seeks to focus not on pathology, but on what contributes to human happiness and emotional health. It focuses on strengths, virtues, and factors that help people thrive and achieve a sense of fulfillment, as well as more effectively manage stress. History   The Positive Psychology movement has its roots in the work of humanistic psychologists such as Abraham Maslow, who tried to focus more on the healthy human development and less on pathology, but really came into being as we know it around 1998. It was primarily founded by psychologist Martin Seligman, who made it the focus of his American Psychological Association presidency and inspired others to contribute to this growing area of study. For Seligman, it became clear that there must be a new branch of psychology when he thought of how he wanted to raise his young daughter. He knew much more about what causes pathology and how to correct that than he knew about how to nurture strength, resilience and emotional health. This had been a greatly under-studied area of research, so it became his primary focus. The Focus of Positive Psychology Positive Psychology aims to discover what makes us thrive. It looks at questions like, ‘What contributes to happiness?’, ‘What are the health effects of positive emotions?’ and, ‘What habits and actions can build personal resilience?’ So far, they’ve found some wonderful things. For example, it’s well-documented that negative emotions like anger, anxiety, and sadness can impact our health in negative ways, such as triggering our stress response and contributing to chronic stress, making us more susceptible to cardiovascular disease. But Positive Psychology research has now found that positive emotions can aid health by undoing the physical reactivity that can lead to these problems. Usage in Stress Management Positive Psychology has so far identified several positive emotional states that can contribute to greater emotional resilience, health, and fulfillment. Some are listed below. Click on each to learn more about them and start adding them to your life. Gratitude Appreciating what one has in life can lead to more satisfaction and happiness. Both having what you want and wanting what you have can lead to a sense of gratitude, as can specific exercises such as maintaining a gratitude journal. Gratitude-promoting activities can lead to greater feelings of abundance and life satisfaction as well as lifting your mood. Optimism We tend to have a natural tendency toward optimism or pessimism, but that’s just part of our potential. We can work on developing more of a tendency toward optimism if we choose. And, given that optimists see many benefits in life, this is something to work toward! Flow Losing track of time when you’re absorbed in fulfilling work or another engaging activity, ‘flow’ is a familiar state for most of us. This is what happens when you get deeply involved in a hobby, in learning something new, or in performing an activity that supplies just the right mix of challenge and ease.   Mindfulness A state of being characterized by being fully present in the ‘now’, without trying to make anything different, mindfulness  takes some practice for most people but brings wonderful benefits as well.   Spirituality Whatever the path, a focus on spirituality can lead to a greater sense of meaning in life, as well as greater resilience in the face of stress.  Prayer and meditation can be a great way to become more centered, and getting involved with a spiritual community can provide excellent social support.  There are many benefits to a spiritual path. Next Steps Applying these principles to your life is a great next step for effective stress management.  A simple strategy is to  add more pleasures to your life  to increase your level of positive effect.  For a more in-depth approach, learn about  the positive psychology approach to stress relief.

The Lake Isle of Innisfree - 1444 Words

William Butler Yeats The Lake Isle of Innisfree â€Å"The Lake Isle of Innisfree† is a modernist poem published in Yeats’s second volume of poetry, entitled â€Å"The Rose† (1893) and, although simple in form and imagery, it has managed to earn its place as one of his great literary achievements and one of his most enduring. The poem represents a nostalgic description of a concrete, geographical place, the lake isle of Innisfree, which the poet manages to transform into a magical landscape, full of symbols and beautiful elements of nature. The imagery of the poem creates an atmosphere of melancholy, due to the many references to a faraway, idyllic place, but also a feeling of hope and†¦show more content†¦This image proves Yeats’s ability to create a very suggestive literary painting which appeals to almost all the senses, giving great power to the simplest words. What draws attention to this first stanza is the way in which â€Å"the provisional nature of Yeats’s verb choice, established in the first â€Å"will arise† and extending throughout the stanza, establishes a crucial point of access for the reader. The speaker â€Å"will† build a small cabin and â€Å"will† have nine bean-rows upon his arrival at the island. Since the ordering of new life at Innisfree has not yet occurred, Yeats allows his reader a participatory, or at least anticipatory, role in the various activities required to imagine living â€Å"alone in the bee-loud glade.† In this sense, Yeats joins the reader’s imagination and the speaker’s memory in the â€Å"going† to Innisfree, the â€Å"building† of the cabin, and the â€Å"making† of the clay and wattle foundation.†(Peter J. Capuano, 148). The second stanza describes the feeling of peace associated with this magical place. Serenity comes slowly, in a realm where time seems frozen. The colors that the author uses to paint the sky at Innisfree in this stanza come to underline once again how special this place is in the speaker’s mind. All of them seem to be inverted: the metaphor† veils of the morning† gives the impression that morning, there, is dark, midnight is â€Å"all a -glimmer†, the evening is full of birds, while noon is a â€Å"purple glow†. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe Lake Isle Of Innisfree946 Words   |  4 PagesThe poems â€Å"The Lake Isle of Innisfree† by William Butler Yeats and â€Å"To Autumn† by John Keats have some similarities as well as some differences. Both authors talk about the sounds like water, animals, birds, and insects. Also, they talk about the scenery, for instance, sunset over the lake and trees full of fruits. But one author talks about movin g a place far from city and the other talks about how one season is different from the others. The language in these poems is soothing because the poetsRead MoreWilliam Butler Yeats: the Lake Isle of Innisfree1173 Words   |  5 Pagesfamous poems, â€Å"The Lake Isle of Innisfree,† was written early in his career as a poet. In the poem, Yeats takes the reader to a small island away from the chaos of everyday life, an island where the poet imagines he will go to live independently. The reader is transported, with the poet, to a place far away from schedules, deadlines, and stress. Yeats uses alliteration, end rhymes, and other poetic strategies to transport the reader to his imaginary getaway: the Isle of Innisfree. One techniqueRead MoreEssay On When You Are Old And The Lake Isle Of Innisfree1194 Words   |  5 PagesComparing and contrasting â€Å"When You Are Old† and â€Å"The Lake Isle of Innisfree† Abstract This is a detailed discussion on the differences and similarities that can be observed in the â€Å"Lake Isle of Innisfree† poem and â€Å"When you are Old poem† by William Butler Yeats. The essay will utilize quotes from the poems as evidence that the poems were used in the analysis Introduction Most poems manifested similarities and differences based on the author’s knowledge, utilization of literary devices, the structuresRead More##arison Of Down By The Sally Gardens And The Lake Isle Of Innisfree By William Butler Yeats790 Words   |  4 Pageshis poems. A lot of his early works had a lot of motifs and imagery of nature. I want to examine two of these poems, Down by the Sally Gardens and The Lake Isle of Innisfree, the way these poems are designed are somewhat similar, but may have contrasting meanings and may have different contexts. Down by the Sally Gardens and The Lake Isle of Innisfree both are nature poems, which means, they use natural aesthetic to describe human emotions. Both of them are early works of W.B. Yeats. These poems, unlikeRead MorePoetry Essay - the World Is Too Much with Us vs the Lake Isle of Innisfree1078 Words   |  5 Pageshis poem, â€Å"The World is Too Much With Us,† William Wordsworth displays an ignorant world in a constant quest for material possessions and so the betrayal of society’s denizens to their beautiful natural resources. On the contrary, in The Lake Isle of Innisfree, by William Butler Yeats, the speaker describes how one can obtain peace through nature and does, in fact, surround himself with his environment to attain such serenity. Society seemingly gets worse and worse each year by becomingRead MoreYeats on Change and Stability, and How They Interconnect, Using When You Are Old, The Lake Isle of Innisfree, The Wild ...1054 Words   |  4 Pagesthe people in the society. These forces don’t even have to be a part of society; stability and change can be a part of everyday life. Five poems of Yeats’ that portray the change in the world, and the stability too, are When You Are Old, The Lake Isle of Innisfree, The Wild Swan at Coole, The Second Coming, and Sailing to Byzantium. Yeats’ story of growing old and reflecting in When You Are Old give readers some idea of how the life of a person can change so dramatically, yet some aspects remain theRead More Analysis of William Butler Yeats Poems Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of William Butler Yeats Poems; When You Are Old, The Lake Isle of Innisfree, The Wild Swans at Coole, The Second Coming and Sailing to Byzantium In many poems, short stories, plays, television shows and novels an author usually deals with a main idea in each of their works. A main reason they do this is due to the fact that they either have a strong belief in that very idea or it somehow correlates to an important piece of their life overall. For example the author ThomasRead MoreYeats Essay2604 Words   |  11 PagesThis theme is apparent in two of the poems which I have studied, â€Å"The Lake Isle of Innisfree† and â€Å"Sailing to Byzantium†. â€Å"The Lake Isle of Innisfree† expresses Yeats’ longing to return home as he was in London at the time when he wrote it. The poet desires to escape from the world of grim reality to a pastoral utopia. In â€Å"Sailing to Byzantium†, Yeats’ once more is longing to escape but in contrast to â€Å"The Lake Isle of Innisfree†, he longs to escape the process of ageing as opposed to escaping fromRead MoreThe Importance of Houses in English Literature717 Words   |  3 PagesThe importance of houses in English Literature begins to hold more relevance in the early 17th century and this trend continues into contemporary writings. When analyzing the significance of houses in Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey, â€Å"The Lake Isle of Innisfree† by W. B. Yeats, and Dracula by Bram Stoker, it confirms that houses have reached beyond their functional roles, and have developed characters such as, history, ideology, and mystery, which can foreshadow future occurances by illustratingRead MoreEssay on W.B. Yeats and the Importance of Imagination2200 Words   |  9 Pagestransfiguring dread into tragedy. The inevitable suffering described in poems like Adams Curse, The Wild Swans at Coole, and The Circus Animals Desertion, is transfigured into works of art which immortalize the human spirit, as in The Lake Isle of Innisfree, A Dialogue of Self and Soul, and Lapis Lazuli. In Yeats poems, human life is an experience wrought with sorrow and suffering. Adams Curse, for example, defines the human condition in terms of the twin hardships of labor and mortality

What Are Social Insects Definition and Examples

The State Board of Nursing Agency Overview Free Essays

I chose to review the State Board of Nursing for the state of Ohio at, www. nursingohio. gov. We will write a custom essay sample on The State Board of Nursing Agency Overview or any similar topic only for you Order Now The mission of the Ohio Board of Nursing is to actively safeguard the health of the public through effective regulation of nursing care ( www. nursing. oho. gov; June 2013) The agency offers nurses the ability to renew licenses and certifications online, enroll into refresher courses, sign up for state conferences and review laws and rules of the State Board. The agency holds its standards and requirements to its nurses to the up most. While researching information I found that any actions that our field against board members are located on the site as well as any disciplinary actions that may take place. In January of 2013 I located 256 disciplinary actions from indefinite suspensions, to permanently revoked license, to hearing actions. Then 44 monitoring actions from urine drug requirements, lift of narcotic restrictions, and approved to accept employment actions. The agency supports the patients that each member comes in contact with. The State Board requires each member to practice nursing safeguards. Making sure that every nurse is familiar with laws and rules that affect his/or her practice. As well as providing trainings, assessments to keep every member up to date to prevent penalties. The State Board also provides a listing for education purposes for associate degree programs that are offered in many different cities in Ohio from Akron, Ohio to Cincinnati, Ohio. Each school is to meet the Boards requirements and allows a student to see if a college is conditional approved, fully approved or provisional approved by the state board. The site also assists with FAQ for continuing education and scholarship and loan opportunities for nurses in the state of Ohio. The Ohio State Board, is not only is available for nurses to review but also allows t the public to know there rights, as well as file complaints if need be. I think the fact that Board makes it know that they hold each of their members accountable to provided quality care shows that they are committed to make sure nurses maintain its high standards. How to cite The State Board of Nursing Agency Overview, Papers

Candide, A Gelastic Story Essay Example For Students

Candide, A Gelastic Story Essay Candide on the surface is a witty, gelastic story. However when inspected deeper it is a philippic writing against people of an uneducated status. Candid is an archetype of these idiocracies, for he lacks reason and has optimism that is truely irking, believing that this is the best of all possible worlds. Thus Voltaire uses a witty, bantering tale on the surface, but in depth a cruel bombast against the ignoramuses of his times. Candide has reason only in the form of a companion upon which he relies for advice. His companion is of course Dr. Pangloss. He consistently dribbles to Dr. Pangloss about what should be done. At last to the happiness of readers Pangloss is killed by being hanged. But this means that Candides reason is also dead! No problem he just goes finds a new companion, Lacking him , lets consult the old woman 37. He soon loses her, gains another, looses him, and then gains another. Thus we see that Candide can only think if he has a companion. Voltaire is thus saying that all the nobles are really idiots and says they are only smart because they have philosophers. This is typically Enlightenment, because nobles, are stupid and must have philosophers to make them Enlightened. For example LHospitals a French Noble had in his possession mathematicians that developed new ways of taking limits a Calculus idea. Yet in todays society we call this way LHospitals Rule, not Bernoullis rule who is the one who invented it Stewart 310. Candide is consistently being brainwashed by reason Pangloss saying that we live in the best of Yet it quite obviously that he does not. For how can there be, in the best of all worlds, war, slavery and many more abominations. Half-way through the book it would appear that Candide has given up his optimism when he looked at the Negro slave. Oh Pangloss Ill have to give up your optimism at last 73. But to the distress of the readers he has not given up his chafing optimism. Since I found you , Im sure I can find Cunegnde again 79. Thus we see that he has quickly recovered his optimism. Voltaire is using Candides blatant optimism to relate to the people of his time that also have the same type of optimism. He also bombasts the philosophy that states all actions are a part of an illustrious, benevolent cosmic plan. It is Pangloss who says it is impossible to for things to be where they are. For all is well 30. What Pangloss is saying that a thing greater then man God has everything laid out, and everything is for the best 30. It is here that Voltaires attack on Christianity begins. He bombasts them for believing that all the world is a stage, and that God has written the script. This idea of predestination is the antithesis of the Enlightenment period, and thus it is only natural that Voltaire,  a typical Enlightenment writer, harangue these notions by means of a person who believes in this until his death- Candide. Finally we can see that Voltaire is writing a typical Enlightenment work because Candide is a jeremiad against those people that are lacking Enlightenment knowledge, by this of course, lacking the epitomes of the period: reason, senses and self-interest. Thus Voltaire is using a charming story to attack the people of his time who are against or are not Enlightened. Many other writers also attacked the ignoramuses of their time. For example Montesquie, a French philosopher use The Persian Letters to bombast French culture. Hence one reason that Candide is typically Enlightenment is because it makes fun of the reader who thinks that it is merely a comical story of a man and a quest for his lover.

Rembrandts La Petite Tombe Essay Example

Rembrandts La Petite Tombe Essay According to some philosophers La Petite Tombe would most probably be considered a great work of art, this is my opinion too. Rembrandt is one of very few painters known around the world and valued as an addition to human history. Praised by the art world long time ago and until today. It also considers Rembrandts work as great, professional, expressive and impressive. However its greatness can be analyzed and criticized, which I will try to do in this paper. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Riju was born July 15, 1606 in the town of Leiden, Netherlands. One of the seven children he was the only one who received Higher Education, all of his siblings went into trade. Leiden was a University town with favorable education atmosphere. Upon graduating from the Leiden high school where students primarily learned Latin, and true religion (Calvinistic Protestantism) Rembrandt enrolled into a Leiden University, which by 1620s was internationally renowned. Not very eager for education he pretty soon became an apprentice of Jacob Isaacszoon Swandenburgh, and showed promise in painting, so his father found it good to apprentice him and to take him to the renowned painter P. Listman, residing in Amsterdam so that he might advance himself and be better trained and educated. During the seventeens century history painters enjoyed the highest prestige, higher even then portrait painters. Since history painters could give their imagination a certain freedom, depict and arrange their compositions as they please. In comparison portrait painters had little variation to work with to express themselves. This is why Rembrandt wanted to become a history, or religion painter. This era would probably be more favored by Tolstoy then by Plato. Although the paintings still presented the objects close or were identical to what we see in life, the fantasy of the artists began to take over the order of the objects, leaning t

People vs. Persons

People vs. Persons People vs. Persons People vs. Persons By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between people and persons? The fast-and-loose answer is that people is correct and persons is wrong; the former word has supplanted the latter as the plural form of person. At one time, the distinction between the terms was that people is a mass noun referring to an undetermined number of humans (â€Å"I’ve known a lot of people like that†), while persons is employed when the quantity is known (â€Å"Seven persons were apprehended†). Persons is still appropriate in legal and other formal contexts (â€Å"Authorities are seeking persons of interest†) and when referring to the human body (â€Å"A search was made of their persons†), but in one of those curious cases of illogical semantic shift, it has all but disappeared in general usage. On a related note, some readers are puzzled by peoples, but this is merely the plural form of the collective noun people; â€Å"the peoples of the Arctic region,† for example, refers to multiple distinct ethnic groups: the people of here, the people of there, and the people of the other place: the peoples. People, meanwhile, is occasionally used as a verb synonymous with populate (â€Å"We will soon people the entire planet†); the antonym is unpeople. (Populate and people share etymological origin.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating ConjunctionsAwoken or Awakened?If I Was vs. If I Were

Analysis of the organization of a target company (General Motors Essay

Analysis of the organization of a target company (General Motors Corporation) - Essay Example Indeed, the company has been able to harness the capabilities of each individual so that they can help in the historic comeback of a legend in business that has succumbed to the pressures of the financial crisis that engulfed the United States (GM Website). The paper also aims to gather different perspectives from different authors and papers that have been available throughout the past two decades. As such, it is important to note the there has been two significant changes that affected the organization of General Motors. One is the transition from the industrial age to the information age which has yielded what Serrat (2008) calls the knowledge workers. Also, automobile giant has not been spared by the onslaught of the credit crunch that engulfed most of the advanced economies towards the latter part of this century’s first decade. Paradigmatic Perspectives The lens for analyzing this paper has already been settled. As such, the views presented herein will illustrate how Gen eral Motors was able to harness their diverse employees into one functioning organization. There will be various literatures that will be able to shed some light into the organization that has been formed within this company. However, the analysis will be anchored upon the basic paradigm that has been established for this study. As such, this will hopefully show the organization of GM and its employees as it rises back from bankruptcy. Looking at the organization of the company, the channels of communication has been established in order to capture the suggestions of their diverse employees (Hoffman and Gavin, 1998). Still, despite the diversity, the company’s organization has been able to maintain a certain degree of linearity as they are able to funnel all these suggestions from all their diverse employees into the top management. In addition, it is important to see how these employees can be effectively harnessed. Indeed, central to the efforts to improve a company’ s organization is its human resources department. As such, it is important that the company is able to maintain within its organization the needed manpower that fits its culture perfectly and contribute to the company (Huselid, 1995). Also, it is important to note that the employees ought to be able to identify themselves with the company and this is what the organization of GM has so far been banking on. Company Background The company that this analysis will focus on is General Motors Corporation (GM), one of the biggest players in the automobile industry in the United States. Last June 2009, at the height of the Global Financial Crisis, GMC filed for bankruptcy that has practically wiped out jobs and share value. However, after being bailed out by the United States government, the company has been able to recover and has been able to record decent profits. As such, the company has tried to distance themselves from their previous image putting forward the impression that General Mo tors has been remade (GM website). Aside from the help from the government, the company has been able to maintain its diverse pool of talents since they rely on their greatest asset – people. Hence, the company tries to maintain a workplace that employees would prefer to work on by making sure that theirs is an organization where people can perform to the best of their abilities. To do so, they have an organization that welcomes the

Performance management Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Performance management - Dissertation Example The project aims to bring forth how performance management has evolved as a necessary tool in improving and enhancing productivity of employees in organizations. The organization chosen for the study is Saudi Telecom Company.Saudi Arabia has demonstrated rapid demographic changes which accounts as its main determinant of political and economic stability. In particular, it is the ability of a nation to develop its human resources that determines the success of its organizations in the long run. The main purpose of the study is to show that employee performance in Saudi Telecom has increased and has improved by the implementation of its system of performance management. Saudi Arabia represents the largest proportion of nationals in the nation’s labor force. The presence of a huge proportion of the population in the labour force of Saudi Arabia is one major reason for organisations to practice and implement performance management (Looney, 1991). Saudi Telecom Company is considere d to be the leading national provider of telecommunication services in Saudi Arabia. Established in the year 1998, the company has gradually transformed its business from that of a government system to a recognised commercial business. The company’s clear emphasis on strategies focuses on reorganisation and the development and re-skilling of its staff and the development of processes to cater to meeting its customer needs and requirements (Saudi Telecom Company, 2011). ... The company also enables managers from other organisations to take part in the program for developing and improving their own performance (South Texas College, 2006, p.26). The present research seeks to understand the effectiveness of the system on the performance of employees and the organisation. The performance would be evaluated in the areas of human resources, financial issues, management and leaderships, organisation behaviour, communication and personal development. Research Question The research question for the study has been provided below. To what extent has the performance of employees improved in Saudi Telecom Company by implementation of the system of performance management? There is a positive relationship between performance and productivity of employees in organizations. The answer to this question would reveal the extent to which this purpose can be fulfilled. It would also throw light on the fact that business goals and objectives can be met through the implementat ion of proper performance management plans. Moreover, the answer would help the organization to plan its system of performance appraisal. The result of the study would help to identify areas which need to be addressed due to poor performance and also the areas of good performance which need to be improved. The results would also help to recognize and reward the performance of employees (Kota, n.d., p.16). Research Aims and Objectives The research paper would deal with the impact of performance management in the performance of employees in Saudi Telecom. In this regard, it would present different aspects of performance management and the way it influences performance of individuals. Based on the research question that

Fear Of Violent Crime Geography Essay

Fear Of Violent Crime Geography Essay As a concept ‘fear of crime has caused much academic discussion since it was first developed as a school of thought in the 1960s. Even though interest in fear of crime has gone though peaks and troughs since its arrival in the social sciences, it has undoubtedly found its way into governmental thinking and subsequent policies (Lee Farrall 2008). There are those who claim that fear of crime is a larger problem than crime itself and this is largely due to anxieties over violent crimes such as sexual assault which is particularly salient (Warr 1995). The public are informed that official rates of crime are falling hence this appears to substantiate the claim that public fears are disproportionate to reality or even ‘irrational (Skogan 1987). For example, the latest British Crime Survey (BCS) undertaken by the Home Office (2009) revealed that peoples fear of violent crime in the UK out-weighs their chances of victimization. However a finding from the same survey showed that all regions in the UK experienced a reduction in the proportion of people with a ‘high level of worry about violent crime between 2001-2 and 2008-9 (Home Office 2009). Source: BCS, Home Office (2009) Percentage of people with high level of worry about violent crime, 2001-2 and 2008-9 There have been many disputes as to how to define fear of violent crime and as such, official statistics are subject to criticism. Lewis and Salem (1981) claim that emotional feelings alone define fear of crime whereas other scholars place emphasis on cognitive judgments or behaviours (Garland 2001). There are also mixed findings on the connections between socio-demographic factors and fears of violence. Differential fears of violent crime have been strongly attributed to factors such as age, sex, race, locality, personal experience and media consumption (Clemente Kleiman 1977). It has been posited that further research on the fear of crime ‘must be focussed spatially and socially upon particular populations (Weaver 2008: 4). This dissertation will investigate the often cited connections between fear of violent crime and locality focussing on the University of Nottingham student population. It will explore the impact these fears have on their use of public space and highlight any constraints on activities or opportunities as a consequence of behavioural modifications. Nottingham: safe for students? The City of Nottinghams violent crime rates are higher than the UK average. However, recorded violence in Nottingham against the person has decreased from a rate of 34.5 per 1000 in 2006/07 to 29.79 rates per 1000 in 2008/09 (Home Office 2009). As a consequence perhaps, headlines in the media portraying Nottingham as being notorious for gun crime or as being an ‘Assassination City (Sewell 2007) have decreased. Nevertheless the mass media continue to label Nottingham as being a hotbed of violence. It has been argued that Nottingham is ‘a victim of its own success (Tiesdell 1998). This can be attributed to the number of bars and clubs the city possesses, promoting a vibrant but volatile night-life. In 2008 Nottingham City Council announced that the city was an Alcohol Disorder Zone (ADZ). This declaration was met with disbelief and anger amongst the local press and the University of Nottingham. It was argued that the City Council had shot itself in the foot again. In 2002, the Chief Constable of Nottinghamshire gave his opinion that the city was out of control; he referred to the frequency of violence and in particular, the use of firearms. ‘The City Council agreed with him before it quickly back-tracked, but it was too late, Nottingham acquired a reputation as a number-one crime city. The impact was stunning, with The University of Nottingham, one of the best in the country, losing approximately a third of student applicants (MC Report 2008). Avoidance actions can have negative impacts on cities. For example, avoidance behaviours can lead to significant financial costs as the ‘Nottingham Safer Cities Project (NSCP) discovered. The project conducted a public survey; the findings from which illustrated that a significant number of city residents usually avoided the city centre after dark. The project calculated that this avoidance strategy led to the loss of  £12 million in turnover and 442 job opportunities in Nottinghams central business district during the 6 months of the study (Beck Willis 1995). Though outdated the project indicates the importance of investigating fear of violence amongst Nottinghams university population as they are widely regarded to be a vital contributer to the citys income and infrastructure (Beck Willis 1995). Advancement of the Aims and Objectives AIMS  · To discover whether fear of violent crime amongst university students in Nottingham is dependent on a) gender b) place of domicile residence c) mass media consumption d) personal victimization  · To discover how university students react to fear of violent crime and how this shapes their use of public space in Nottingham Nottingham has higher levels of reported violent crime than the national average and is widely regarded amongst the mass media as being a particularly violent place. Furthermore students aged 16-24 years of age, statistically, are one of the most likely groups to fall victim to violent crime (Home Office 2009). Despite these findings, a thorough review of the previous literature showed that there are very few journal articles investigating fears of violence amongst university students and none were focussed on the city of Nottingham. Extensive research on gender as a correlate of fear pays most attention to the fear gap between men and women. Fear of sexual assault is often given as the main reason for differential levels of fear (Balkin 1979) and as a result mens fears are neglected (Goodey 1997). This dissertation will compare the fears of both male and female students whilst focussing on violent crimes. Most academics agree that being a victim of sexual assault leads to intensified fears (Box et al 1988). However, there are mixed findings on the impact personal victimization of other violent crimes has on the individual. Some scholars argue that all physical assaults and muggings lead to greater fear of crime (Tulloch et al 1998) whilst others argue that they actually reduce fears (Sparks et al 1977). These inconsistent findings show that there is room for further research into the effects of violent victimization on public fears, which this dissertation aims to do. Social scientists, on the whole, accept that fear of violent crime is place-dependent and as such; how individuals relate to ideas of place and community is an important indicator of fears (Girling et al 2000). However, studies in the UK examining the relationships between fear of violence and familiarity with place of residence are lacking. This dissertation will investigate the impact familiarity of place has on fears by comparing the fear index of students whose domicile residence is in Nottingham to those who lived somewhere else prior to attending University of Nottingham. The mass media provide the public with much of their information. This information is often distorted through ‘popular tabloids which tend to sensationalise crime. It has been argued that the media cause fears of violent crime to increase (Gunter 1987) but findings are mixed. First year students, many being new to the city, will be an interesting focus group as many of them would have received much of their knowledge about ‘Assassination City through the media. As aforementioned, modifications of behaviour in response to fears can have a significant impact on a citys income hence research in this area (the second main aim) could arguably be important for future policy initiatives attracting more students to Nottingham. There may also be wider social consequences for individual students with high levels of fear as it could limit opportunities, ultimately affecting well-being. OBJECTIVES 1. To review existing literature to acquire an understanding of the different theories and views on fear of violent crime 2. To conduct quantitative surveys on male and female University of Nottingham first year students followed by statistical analysis to determine the relationship between fear of violent crime and the following variables: a) gender b) place of domicile residence c) mass media d) personal victimization 3. To conduct group discussions with first year Geography and Law students at the University of Nottingham to gain a more thorough insight into their fear of violent crime and whether it effects their use of public space in Nottingham Fear of Violence: Academic discussion Gender Research into the thorny issue of gender and fear of violent crime has found that women are much more fearful of violent crime than men yet women are less likely to be victims (Hale 1996). This fear amongst women was primarily viewed as being irrational by some scholars as womens high levels of fear do not equate to actual risk of victimization (Clemente and Kleiman 1977). It is widely acknowledged, however, that women have different experiences in public spaces than men. The BCS shows that young men are at greatest risk of victimisation for overall violence, although women are more likely to experience domestic violence and sexual assault (Home Office 2009). ‘In public, fear of rape is a cardinal fear for women (Riger et al 1994: 78) and is widely acknowledged as being the greatest factor leading to ‘men and women sharing a consensus that females are much more fearful than males (Sutton Farrall 2008: 15). The shadow of sexual assault hypothesis (Ferraro 1996) states tha t womens fear of sexual assault shadows their fear of other types of crime, particularly violent crime. This dissertation aims to uncover the influence all violent crime has on female and male university students. The gendered stereotypes of ‘fearless male/fearful female (Goodey 1997) are challenged by academics who suggest that men are socialised in society to be less fearful than women hence men have a tendency to minimise and hide their fears. This recent theory of the ‘Socially Desirable Responding (Farrall et al 2009) has important implications for research findings as it has been suggested that men are more likely to under-report their concerns in order to fit the hegemonic masculine ideal (Goodey 1997). This could be to such an extent that when this was taken into account, mens fear outstripped womens (Sutton Farrall 2005). This is in contrast to the view that women report higher fears because they are physically weaker than men and may have rape foremost in their minds when answering questions about violent crime (Stanko 1990). It has been posited that fear declines with age amongst girls and to a greater extent, boys. Young boys are relatively open about their fears yet as they mature their fears are somewhat ‘downplayed as normative adult identities are adopted (Goodey 1997: 402). This dissertation compares female fears of violent crime with the ‘neglected arena of male fears (Goodey 1997: 52) focussing on first year university students who are in a liminal stage of neither being viewed by wider society as children nor adults. First Year University Students and the Fear of Violent Crime First year University students, being young adults, are often stereotyped as ‘strong, fearless and are often construed as the offender rather than the victim (Tulloch 2000: 452). However a comprehensive report by Tulloch et al (1998) found that young adults are more fearful of crime than previously recognised. In addition statistical analysis has indicated that they have the greatest fear of violent crime when compared to other age groups (Ferraro 1995). These fears are arguably justified by The British Crime Survey (Home Office 2009) which asserted that reflecting their younger age profile, students (8.6%) had a higher than average risk of being a victim of violent crime throughout the year 2008/09. The BCS claim this is likely to be related to lifestyle. For example, people who visited nightclubs more than once a week in the month prior to interview had a higher risk of violent crime (12.4%) than those who had visited nightclubs or discos less than once a week on average (6.6 %) or not at all (2.5%). First year university students or ‘Freshers do not fit into one clearly defined category or stereotype. Some see university students as belonging to a ‘problem population inducing moral panics through binge drinking and yobbish behaviour. ‘As city centres are perceived to be dangerous, they are given over to gangs of revellers and drunkards after dark (Trench et al 1992). Others see students as law abiding citizens who are likely to be victims of violent crime at the hands of excluded local youths who, like students are demonized through the media. Place of Domicile Residence and Fear of Violent Crime ‘Perception of community has a strong influence on subjective estimates of being a victim of violent crime (Jackson 2004) Literature on fear of crime has shown that it is an absorbent topic bound up in how individuals relate to ideas of place and community (Farrall et al 2009). In a recent study Farrall et al (2009) use in-depth qualitative interviews to explore the connections people make when talking about crime, their environment and community. The study suggested that at the root of fear of crime is public unease about the health of local neighbourhood order and concerns about social decline and community fragmentation. They concluded that public perceptions of crime are strongly linked to objective and subjective assessments of community, environment and change. It was also acknowledged that this can have varying degrees of significance for respondents ‘depending on a participants own circumstances or history (Farrall et al 2009: 137). Due to university students varied experiences and histories they will be an interesting population to explore. There is a sufficient gap in research on dimensions of place and fear of violent crime; there are few place-based studies that have considered relationships between fear of crime and familiarity with place of residence. Nevertheless, an example of one such study in Washington DC found that the percentage of a residents life spent in the same neighbourhood was associated with a decrease in fear of violent crime (Roman Chalfin 2008). Mass media consumption and fear of Violent Crime ‘It is widely recognised that crime stories and discussions about ‘law and order are the staple diet of the written press (Sparks 1992). The mass media provide a major source of our knowledge. As such there is much academic debate as to what extent media in the UK influences individual fear of violent crime. Academics such as Jewkes (2004) have argued that that the mass media harbours the power to instil fear in the public by the way in which it presents crime. Such arguments fit the ‘Hypodermic Syringe Model which focuses on the mass media representation of crime and how that representation is perceived by the public. It is argued that ‘the media inject values, ideas and information directly into the passive reader or viewer (Jewkes 2004: 9). The information that the ‘popular media ‘inject into the public is often distorted as they tend to sensationalise crime by following the rule that ‘if it bleeds it leads. They pay privileged attention to some crimes at the expense of others, often violent crimes at the expense of non-violent (Keating 2002). ‘In Britain, readers of tabloid newspapers which have more sensational crime coverage reported higher levels of fear than readers of broadsheet papers, whose crime coverage is less predominant and less dramatic (Grabosky 1995). By exaggerating the risks of violent crimes the media may orchestrate ‘moral panics or ‘media panics (Cohen 1972). These moral panics often correspond to BCS statistics. The popular press use one statistical area such as Nottingham and distort the truth by sensationalising the factual data using terminology such as ‘epidemic, which in turn, may lead to moral panics. Although there is some basic truth to what the media are presenting to the public, it usually becomes dramatised to the point of disconnection from the truth. This may lead to a ‘deviancy amplification spiral (Cohen 1972) inferring that the area is particularly dangerous. Another consequence for such localities is that, once the decline begins, the community becomes part of the media generated folklore on crime and rare events such as firearm offences seem to be commonplace (Keating 2002). Fear of violent crime levels can also be rationalised by using Post-Modernist approaches. Hall et al (1978: 46) suggest that the public are interested in the mass media representation of crime, especially violent crime, as ‘violence represents a basic violation of the person. The public are therefore more affected by violent crimes, as they worry for their own safety. The BCS (Home Office 2009) statistics show that the number of violent crimes is decreasing annually, but this data is not yet reflected by public opinion. The ‘Hypodermic Syringe Theory, ‘Moral Panic Theory and Post-Modernist approaches have been widely criticised by researchers who have found the causal relationship between media and fear of violent crime to be at best, inconclusive. One key finding from Tulloch et al (1998) stated that the media are not as influential as previously thought. It has been suggested that the media alone can not cause fear of crime but ‘they can address fears, play upon them, exploit or reassure them (Sparks 1992: 155). Behavioural Responses to Fear of Violent Crime A review of the quantitative evidence to date illustrates that the findings for a causal relationship between fear of violent crime and modification of behaviour are somewhat inconsistent (Foster Giles-Corti 2008). Numerous studies exhibit that people often avoid actions which they view as being dangerous such as travelling on public transport or going out after dark (Box et al 1988). On the contrary an important finding from Tulloch et al (1998) found that even though young adults are more fearful of violent crime than any other age group, they still go out at night and use public transport. Episodes of being afraid of violent crime are often short lived. For example, one may become fearful if they hear footsteps behind them when walking down a dark alley. Farrall et al (2009) describe these fears as ‘experiental. Experiental fears are short-lived episodic experiences that are in response to external direct stimuli bound up in details of time and place. It has been argued, however, that although there may be heightened awareness in situations whereby one perceives there to be a potential threat of violence, this does not necessarily lead to outright fear but a calculated set of behavioural responses (Garland 2001). By conducting in-depth interviews, Farrall et al (2009) found that many participants believed it was their responsibility to protect themselves from violent crime and that precautionary behaviour is a necessary part of every day life. Some modified their behaviour, avoided certain places at certain times and purchased security equipment. It has been suggested that fear of violence is not always detrimental to an individuals well-being. Some degree of fear might be healthy in certain situations as it creates a natural defence against crime. When there is a perceived risk of actual violence, a certain amount of fear might actually be beneficial. Experiental fears of violent crime stimulate ‘responsiblization which leads to precautionary behaviours, makes people feel safer and ultimately lowers the risk of victimization. This has been described as ‘functional fear (Jackson Gray 2009). This ‘functional fear can be illustrated in the ‘Health Belief Model (Rosensto ck 1974). This model has been applied by social scientists to explain why some people change their behaviour to combat violent crime (Hammig Moranetz 2000). The model asserts that individuals who fear being a victim of violence will change their lifestyle habits if they believe that altering certain behaviours will enhance their overall well-being. ‘For women, crime is a considerable reason as to why they do not go out after dark at night (Crawford et al 1990: 49). As aforementioned, social scientists have indicated that gender is one of the strongest predictors of fear of violence; women are more fearful of violent crime than men. Some scholars such as Warr (1985) and Ferraro (1995) have suggested that this differential ‘irrational fear among females is mostly due to their fear of sexual victimization. As a result of this fear women restrict their lives in private and public spaces due to the perceived threat of criminal victimization (Gilchrist et al 1998). Findings from Warr (1985) substantiate this claim revealing that 40% of women do not go out at night compared with 9% of men. This indicates that fear of violent crime could have real consequences for female university students, limiting their use of public space and restricting them from fulfilling numerous opportunities in Nottingham. However, findings from studies can vary depending on the different behaviours that are measured. For example, a study in the US which investigated yo ung male preventive behaviours against violent victimization found that 27% of respondents reported practicing preventive behaviours against violent crime regularly (Hammig Morinetz 2000). Existing studies therefore do not provide concrete evidence for a strong relationship between fear of violent crime and modifications of behaviour. Victimization and the ‘Irrational Fear of Violent Crime Tulloch et al (1998) found that peoples fear of violent crime depends on personal experience and that an individuals fear of violence is likely to be heightened if the individual has been victimized. However, past research on the issue has been surprisingly inconclusive. In a review of the research, DuBow et al (1979) concludes that there has been no convincing evidence that victimization increases ones fear of violent crime. In a more recent study using qualitative analysis, Farrall et al (2009) reach a similar conclusion that many who had experienced violence didnt admit to amplified levels of fear. Furthermore, they found differential levels of fear between ‘isolated and ‘repeat victims with the latter reporting greater fears. Skogan (1987) claims that due to the lack of a strong relationship between fear and direct experience of violent crime, some peoples fears such as womens has been branded ‘irrational. ‘Interest in the ‘irrationality of high levels of fear of violent crime was fuelled by the weak correspondence of many survey measures of fear of crime to peoples self reported victimization experiences (Skogan 1987: 112). Rifai (1982: 193) denotes that fear of crime is ‘irrational simply because many people dont do much about it; ‘There is usually little behavioural change that is reflected in what could be termed crime preventative or victimization preventative behaviour (Rifai 1982: 193). As previously discussed, however, findings on behavioural changes are mixed and inconclusive. Violent crime does not impact on all members of society in the same way. A controversial argument put forward by Rifai (1982) stated that victimization and fear are not strongly linked because most crimes and a large proportion of violent crimes are trivial in their consequences hence they arent fear provoking. ‘A number of case studies have suggested that in most occurrences of victimization there is little effect on the daily lives of the victims (Rifai 1982: 199). The experience of victimization can serve to dispel some of the myths and anxieties about what becoming a victim of crime might feel like. The latest BCS statistics for 2008/09 indicate that, continuing a similar pattern to previous years, assault without injury accounted for the largest proportion (40%) of all violent incidents (British Crime Survey 2009). Perhaps then, Sparks et al (1977) are justified in arguing that victimization by assault reduces fear. They explained a negative correlation between victimizati on and fear by hypothesising that people ‘fear the worst before they have any direct experience with crime, but when they are victimized and are physically unharmed, their anxieties may be alleviated. Furthermore, it has been suggested by Skogan (1987) that the exclusion of non-victims from most of the literature has left unanswered the question of to what extent victims differ from comparable non-victims as a result of that experience. For this reason my dissertation will compare the fears of both ‘victims and ‘non-victims of violent crime. Summary of Literature The literature I have reviewed covers the most relevant concepts on the fear of violent crime put forward by influential academics who have worked within the realms of this discourse. One may argue that due to the sheer abundance of research that has been advanced by leading scholars, a relatively minute project such as mine based on Nottingham university students would prove insignificant. It could also be suggested that the field has been exhausted hence there isnt any room for further research. Yet it is recognised by the majority of academics that there is always room for further exploration. This is particularly true for investigating the fear of crime as many findings are inconsistent or inconclusive. Girling et al (2000: 136) describe fear of crime as ‘a topic that never quite stays still and submits itself for dispassionate examination. My dissertation is therefore relevant as it is a contemporary investigation into an ever-changing topic that focuses on a previously ne glected group, university students, in the unexplored context of Nottingham. Methodology Overview There is much debate within the social sciences as to what ‘fear of violent crime actually means and how it should be measured. For example, numerous academics such as Hale (1996) believe it is primarily based on emotions i.e. actually feeling fearful. Other researchers criticise the emotional aspect of ‘fear and maintain that other aspects are more important such as what an individual ‘actually does to combat perceived threats of violence (Garland 2001). Alternatively, cognition i.e. what people perceive to be the risk of victimization has also been measured in previous studies. My research has investigated the complex relationships between the emotional, behavioural and cognitive aspects discussed. By acknowledging all three elements, fear of violent crime will be measured more accurately (Weaver 2008). Data collection involved both quantitative and qualitative methods. Primarily, only fixed surveys (Farrall et al 1997) were going to be used as it would generate a large quantity of results for analysis. However, this method used alone has come under much criticism. It has been argued by leading academics such as Girling et al (2000) and Pain (2000) that the ‘tick-box survey is too blunt an instrument on its own to gain understanding of public fear of crime. Taking this into consideration, it was decided that fixed surveys would be used to cover a large sample of the first year student population in Nottingham. Focus groups would then be used to carefully uncover fears, behaviours and cognitive judgements that arguably do not become evident from analysing questionnaire results. A self-completion, closed ‘tick-box survey was assembled and distributed to first year students studying a wide range of academic courses at the University of Nottingham. Once surveys had been completed and returned, face-to-face discussion groups or ‘focus groups with first year Geography and Law students were then conducted. Collecting quantitative data from the surveys prior to the group discussions enabled the latter to delve deeper into students fears of violence and uncover any behavioural responses that could not be explained in the closed tick-box surveys. Some survey questions have a tendency to elicit socially desirable responses (Farrall et al 2009). These are answers that dont necessarily reflect the respondents real feelings but ‘the one which they feel best fits the image of themselves; the image which they wish to show to the person interviewing (Farrall et al 2009: 146). As aforementioned, men are particularly likely to give socially desirable responses. Sutton and Farrall (2005) make this point in a review of previous quantitative data on fear of crime. They suggest that when answering survey questions aimed at measuring fear of crime, men often suppress the extent of their anxieties. This may have implications for survey results. Furthermore, ‘it is not uncommon for people under the researchers gaze to feel self conscious or threatened (Flowerdew and Martin 1997: 129). For these reasons, questionnaires were not conducted face to face but were handed out and returned within a week to a ‘pigeon hole in the Uni versity of Nottingham main reception. Sampling Methods Focussing on first year students at the University of Nottingham placed constraints on possible sampling techniques. The dissertation, ideally, would have an equal number of female and male respondents, and an equal number of students whose domicile residence was in Nottingham and elsewhere. In the pilot test a quota sampling method was adopted. This sampling method was conducted at the University of Nottingham ‘freshers fair. This method encountered problems. Firstly, the survey did not result in a 100% response rate. Secondly, it proved almost impossible to find an equal number of respondents whose domicile residence was in Nottingham as those that werent. The final decision was to use cluster sampling. Cluster sampling was used as it was deemed to be an appropriate and realistic method of surveying first year university students. Study participants were thus recruited through the University of Nottingham. Questionnaires were distributed to the university, with permission, wh ich then handed them out to first year students for completion. As such, all participants met the study requirements. 200 surveys were distributed, 124 of which were returned projecting a 62% response rate. First year geography and law students were recruited for the focus groups by administering voluntary sign up sheets to the University of Nottingham which were then placed in the Geography and Law buildings of the university. Ethical Issue

Mathematical Logic :: essays research papers

Mathematical logic is something that has been around for a very long time. Centuries Ago Greek and other logicians tried to make sense out of mathematical proofs. As time went on other people tried to do the same thing but using only symbols and variables. But I will get into detail about that a little later. There is also something called set theory, which is related with this. In mathematical logic a lot of terms are used such as axiom and proofs. A lot of things in math can be proven, but there are still some things that will probably always remain theories or ideas. Mathematical Logic is something that has a very long history behind it. It has been debated on for many centuries. If someone were to divide mathematical logic into groups they would get two major groups. Both groups are very long. One is called â€Å"The history of formal deduction† and it goes all the way back to Aristotle and Euclid and other people who lived at that time. The other is â€Å"the history of mathematical analysis† which goes back to the times of Archimedes, who was in the same era as Aristotle and Euclid. These to groups or streams were separate for a long time until Newton invented Calculus, which brought Math and logic together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Somebody who studies mathematical logic and gives his or her own concepts about it is called a logician. Some well known logicians include Boole and Frege. They were trying to give a definite form to what formal deduction really was. Aristotle had already done such a thing but he had done it with language, Boole wanted to do it with only Symbols. Frege came up with â€Å"Predicate Calculus†. As time went on people did not make new theories as much as they used to in the time of Aristotle. They mostly concentrated on expanding on theories that have been said centuries ago, proving those theories or putting them into symbolic form. Table of Logicians* Boole Frege Newton Gà ¶del Aristotle Euclid Archimedes Leibnitz *This Table has a few of the Logicians listed in my book Words that have to do with logic like and, or, not are given symbols like &, V, or an upside down L reversed. The Letters X, Y, Z and so on are commonly used as variables and P, Q, R are used as predicates, properties or relations. Sometimes there are theories that have to do with machines that do not exist and usually have things in them that are infinite and they usually work with letters and numbers.

Understanding The Principles Of Developing Postive Relationships With Children, Young People And Adults

Why effective communication is important We are more likely to communicate information to one another if we have positive relationships. Parents and other adults who come into the school are more likely to give beneficial support if communication is strong and effective – this, in turn, benefits pupils. It is also important for pupils that we model effective communication skills. This means checking what we are saying sometimes in moments of stress or excitement, so that they can understand what our expectations are in school.If we ask pupils to behave in a particular way when communicating and then forget to do so ourselves, they will find it harder to understand the boundaries of what is acceptable. Effective communication and positive relationships do not happen by chance. You should think about the way you relate to others and the messages that this sends out. In situations where communication breaks down, misunderstandings can lead to bad feeling.1. 1:2 The principles of relationship buildingThe principles of relationship building with children  and adults in any context are that if others are comfortable in our company, they will be more likely to communicate effectively. Where people do not get along or are suspicious of one another, they are likely to avoid one another wherever possible. Positive relationships are not something which should be left_ to chance and it is important to consider the ways in which we can develop them. We build relationships with others in school on a daily basis in a number of different ways.Although you may do some of these without necessarily thinking  about it, it is worth taking time to consider whether you do all of the following? Effective communication – this is the key area for developing relationships with others and also covers many different forms of communication (see below)? Showing respect – in order to develop positive relationships with others, it is very important to be courteous and respectful, and to listen to their points of view. Adults and pupils with whom you work may also be from different cultures and have different beliefs or values from your own.You  should ensure that you acknowledge and respect the views of others at all times and take time to remember names and preferred forms of address? Being considerate – take the time to consider the positions of others. You may be working with a child or adult who is under particular pressure at a given time and need to understand why they may have behaved or reacted in a certain way or out of character?Remembering issues which are personal to them – it will always help to build positive relationships if you enquire a_er particular aspects  of another person’s life – for example, if you know that a colleague is concerned about their child getting into a particular secondary school, or if you are aware that it is a child’s birthday? Taking time to listen to others – make sure that you take time to listen to other people, in particular if they are asking for advice or help, or if they need to confide in you. You should always show that you are interested in what they have to say and respond appropriately?Being clear on key points – when you have conversations with others in which you are giving  them information, you should always ensure that they are clear what you have said at the end of the discussion. This is because it can be easy to be distracted from the main point of the conversation. When talking to children, always ask them to repeat back to you what they need to do? Maintaining a sense of humour – although the nature of our work in school is important, we should also sometimes take time to see the funny side of different situations. Laughter can be a good icebreaker and is also a great way of relaxing and relieving stress.

Pensin alimenticia nio en Mxico y pap en EEUU

Si tu hijo mexicano en Mà ©xico que no recibe pensià ³n alimenticia de su papà ¡ que està ¡ en Estados Unidos y quieres obtener de à ©l apoyo econà ³mico, esto es lo que tienes que hacer. Aunque en este artà ­culo se habla de cà ³mo reclamarle al papà ¡ que vive en Estados Unidos y que no contribuye a los gastos de su hijo que vive en Mà ©xico, hay que entender que exactamente lo mismo aplica a los casos en los que las madres son las que emigran y no pagan a los hijos que dejan en Mà ©xico. La razà ³n por la que hablo de papà ¡ es porque las estadà ­sticas nos dicen que en el 90 por ciento de los casos son los padres los que no hacen los pagos a los que està ¡n obligados. Si se desconoce dà ³nde se encuentra el progenitor que no paga, puede buscà ¡rsele en varias bases de datos de los Estados Unidos y tambià ©n siguiendo la estrategia correcta en los motores de bà ºsqueda de internet. Asegà ºrate de cumplir dos requisitos bà ¡sicos para reclamar la pensià ³n alimenticia Antes de iniciar el proceso para solicitar oficialmente apoyo econà ³mico por parte del papà ¡ que se encuentra en Estados Unidos, asegà ºrate de que: 1. Tu hijo o hija menor de 18 aà ±os. Puede ser hijo biolà ³gico o adoptado del padre al que se le exige que contribuya econà ³micamente. En el caso de hijos biolà ³gicos no es necesario que sean fruto de un matrimonio. Es mà ¡s, incluso se puede reclamar cuando el papà ¡ no ha reconocido legalmente al menor. Si bien en estos casos habrà ¡ que practicar una prueba de ADN al padre y al hijo. 2. Que el papà ¡ viva en uno de los siguientes estados de EEUU: AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaCarolina del NorteCarolina del SurConnecticutDakota del NorteDakota del SurDelawareHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNuevo HampshireNueva JerseyNueva YorkNuevo Mà ©xicoOhioOregà ³nPensilvaniaRhode IslandTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginia OccidentalWashingtonWyoming En Estados Unidos el asunto del pago de pensiones alimenticias corresponden a los estados, no al gobierno federal. Por ello, sà ³lo es posible reclamar de la manera que se explica en este artà ­culo si el papà ¡ reside en uno de los estados que tiene un acuerdo sobre este asunto con Mà ©xico. Ocho estados no tienen acuerdo. Entre ellos Colorado, Florida y Iowa. Para saber si la lista se ha actualizado recientemente o para buscar informacià ³n verdadera sobre inquietudes que puedan surgir, se puede contactar con el telà ©fono del Centro de Informacià ³n y Ayuda a Mexicanos. Està ¡ en Estados Unidos, pero tambià ©n se puede marcar desde Mà ©xico. Cuatro pasos para la tramitacià ³n de la solicitud de la pensià ³n alimenticia A continuacià ³n debes seguir estos cuatro pasos: 1. Averiguar la direccià ³n donde vive el padre en Estados Unidos. Ni el gobierno americano ni el mexicano pueden hacer esto por ti. Si te es imposible saberlo, podrà ­a ser suficiente si sabes dà ³nde trabaja o si sabes dà ³nde viven familiares o amigos en la misma ciudad y que està ¡n en contacto con à ©l. 2. Reunir toda la documentacià ³n necesaria: Acta de nacimiento del nià ±o. Puede ser original o copia certificada.Fotografà ­a reciente a color del menor de cuerpo completo.Si el nià ±o para el que se reclama la pensià ³n alimenticia fue fruto de un matrimonio, es necesario presentar el acta del matrimonio (original o certificada).  Esto es asà ­ tanto si los papà ¡s continà ºan casados, se han separado o se han divorciado.Fotografà ­a del papà ¡ del nià ±o a color y de cuerpo completo. No puede tener mà ¡s de nueve aà ±os de antigà ¼edad.Comprobantes de todos los gastos que genera el menor en un mes, por ejemplo, comida, transporte, mà ©dico, ropa, calzado, estudios, etc.Orden judicial anterior de Mà ©xico o de EEUU donde se obliga al padre a colaborar econà ³micamente en los gastos de manutencià ³n del nià ±o. Esto sà ³lo en los casos en los que hay tal orden. No es un requisito necesario. 3. Traduccià ³n al inglà ©s del acta de nacimiento del nià ±o y si està ¡s o estuviste casada con el papà ¡ tambià ©n del acta de matrimonio. Puedes contratar a un traductor o que una persona con un buen conocimiento del inglà ©s realice una traduccià ³n jurada siguiendo este modelo de carta. 4. Agendar una cita con una delegacià ³n de la Secretarà ­a de Relaciones Exteriores (SRE). Una vez allà ­, entregar la documentacià ³n y llenar y firmar los formatos de solicitud de pensià ³n alimenticia para un hijo.  ¿Quà © pasa una vez que se ha presentado toda la documentacià ³n? La delegacià ³n de la SRE contacta con las autoridades americanas del estado en el que vive el papà ¡ e inicia la tramitacià ³n para reclamar el pago de la pensià ³n alimenticia. Si localizan al padre las probabilidades de que un juez americano ordene el pago de la pensià ³n es muy alto. En general antes del medio aà ±o a contar desde la presentacià ³n de la documentacià ³n en Mà ©xico comienzan a producirse los descuentos de la nà ³mina del padre. El pago al menor se efectà ºa en la forma en la que haya ordenado el juez y puede ser mediante un depà ³sito a una cuenta bancaria o mediante el envà ­o de un cheque o de cualquier otro modo que acuerde, si bien esas dos son las mà ¡s comunes. A tener en cuenta Puedes reclamar pensià ³n alimenticia para tu hijo sin importar el estatus migratorio del papà ¡ en Estados Unidos. Incluso se puede obligar a un indocumentado a que pague. Si bien es mà ¡s fà ¡cil con un ciudadano americano, residente permanente o persona con una visa de trabajo temporal. La razà ³n es que en estos casos es mà ¡s fà ¡cil ordenar un descuento de la nà ³mina y los indocumentados no siempre tienen una, aunque està ©n trabajando. Si el papà ¡ està ¡ desempleado y no tiene ingresos acumularà ¡ la deuda y se le descontarà ¡ una vez que comience de nuevo a generar ingresos. El pago de la pensià ³n alimenticia es una obligacià ³n de los padres hacia sus hijos. Cumplir no otorga ningà ºn beneficio migratorio. Pero incumplir si que puede tener consecuencias migratorias negativas. Aclaracià ³n Cuando hablo de un nià ±o en este artà ­culo obviamente me refiero a un varà ³n o a una nià ±a. No importa el gà ©nero, nià ±os y nià ±as tienen este derecho. Obviamente tambià ©n la solicitud se puede hacer para un menor o para mà ¡s. Por à ºltimo, recalcar que si bien en la mayorà ­a de los casos la reclamacià ³n se la hace la mamà ¡ al papà ¡, tambià ©n es posible que sea al revà ©s. Es decir, si la mamà ¡ està ¡ en EEUU y no contribuye al sostenimiento econà ³mico de los hijos tambià ©n se le puede reclamar. Si el papà ¡ o la mamà ¡ es ciudadano americano es posible que el nià ±o o nià ±a nacido en Mà ©xico sea tambià ©n estadounidense. Estos son los requerimientos para transmitir la ciudadanà ­a por sangre, que son diferentes si el americano es el papà ¡ o la mamà ¡ y si està ¡ soltero o està ¡ casado. Si ese es el caso, contacta con una oficina consular americana. Este artà ­culo no es asesorà ­a legal. Es simplemente informativo.